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Agriculture
Volume 14
Issue 6
10.3390/agriculture14060830
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Open AccessArticle
by Chen Zhang SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar Zimo Zhang SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar Mengfan Zhu SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar Yongliang Wang SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar Tangtang Zhou SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar Fachun Wan SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar Yunhua Zhang SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar Lijuan Chen SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle ScholarChen Zhang
Zimo Zhang
Mengfan Zhu
Yongliang Wang
Tangtang Zhou
Fachun Wan
Yunhua Zhang
Lijuan Chen
1
The Biological Feedstuff Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2
Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
3
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060830 (registeringDOI)
Submission received: 19 March 2024/Revised: 21 May 2024/Accepted: 22 May 2024/Published: 25 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silage Preparation, Processing and Efficient Utilization)
Abstract
Once a silo has been opened, the silage inside will face challenges such as aerobic deterioration, rot, and contamination. Biocontrol bacteria, as a kind of biological antiseptic, are highly effective and natural and are gaining increasing attention. This study aimed to screen a strain with anti-microbial activity against silage spoilage microorganisms and examine its effects on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, in vitro digestion, and methane production of silage. Lactic acid bacteria, pathogenic and rot-causing microorganisms, were used as indicators to screen the strains for putrefactive silage. The bacteriostatic spectrum, growth performance, and tolerance to the silage environment of the strain were tested. A strain named D-2 was screened from rotten whole-plant corn silage and identified as Bacillus velezensis through physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rDNA sequencing. This study found that D-2 exhibits antibacterial effects on several microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium graminearum. However, it has no adverse effect on Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecium, or Lactobacillus casei. D-2 can attain a stable stage within 10 h and withstand temperatures of up to 70 °C. Moreover, this study found that D-2 had a high survival rate of over 97% after 48 h in a lactic acid environment with pH 4. Freshly chopped whole-plant corn was inoculated without or with D-2 and ensiled for 60 days. The results show that D-2 inoculations increase the content of water-soluble carbohydrates, acetic acid, and propionic acid in the silage and decrease the number of yeasts and molds, the NH4+-N/TN ratio, and the pH. We also found that fermenting whole-plant corn with D-2 significantly increased the in vitro digestibility and the propionic acid content, while also significantly inhibiting methane production. After being exposed to air for 10 days, D-2 can still effectively reduce the total number of yeasts and molds, prevent the decrease in lactic acid bacteria, and inhibit the increase in the pH and NH4+-N/TN ratio of silage products. Overall, D-2 is resistant to pathogenic and rot-causing microorganisms, allowing for easy adaptation to silage production conditions. D-2 can effectively improve aerobic stability and reduce losses in the nutritional value of silage, indicating possible applications for the prevention of silage rot and methane production.
Keywords: silage; antibacterial activity; Bacillus velezensis; isolation and identification; aerobic stability; methane production
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Zhang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, M.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, T.; Wan, F.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, L.Isolation of Bacillus velezensis from Silage and Its Effect on Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Methane Production of Whole-Plant Corn Silage. Agriculture 2024, 14, 830.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060830
AMA Style
Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Wang Y, Zhou T, Wan F, Zhang Y, Chen L.Isolation of Bacillus velezensis from Silage and Its Effect on Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Methane Production of Whole-Plant Corn Silage. Agriculture. 2024; 14(6):830.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060830
Chicago/Turabian Style
Zhang, Chen, Zimo Zhang, Mengfan Zhu, Yongliang Wang, Tangtang Zhou, Fachun Wan, Yunhua Zhang, and Lijuan Chen.2024. "Isolation of Bacillus velezensis from Silage and Its Effect on Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Methane Production of Whole-Plant Corn Silage" Agriculture 14, no. 6: 830.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060830
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zhang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, M.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, T.; Wan, F.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, L.Isolation of Bacillus velezensis from Silage and Its Effect on Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Methane Production of Whole-Plant Corn Silage. Agriculture 2024, 14, 830.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060830
AMA Style
Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Wang Y, Zhou T, Wan F, Zhang Y, Chen L.Isolation of Bacillus velezensis from Silage and Its Effect on Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Methane Production of Whole-Plant Corn Silage. Agriculture. 2024; 14(6):830.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060830
Chicago/Turabian Style
Zhang, Chen, Zimo Zhang, Mengfan Zhu, Yongliang Wang, Tangtang Zhou, Fachun Wan, Yunhua Zhang, and Lijuan Chen.2024. "Isolation of Bacillus velezensis from Silage and Its Effect on Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Methane Production of Whole-Plant Corn Silage" Agriculture 14, no. 6: 830.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060830
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
Agriculture,EISSN 2077-0472,Published by MDPI
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