Hibiscus: The Complete Care and Growing Guide (With Pictures) (2024)

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Hibiscus is a genus of large shrubs or small trees famous for their large, showy trumpet-shaped flowers. Hibiscus flowers have papery petals in hues such as pink, white, red, orange, yellow, purple, or peach. Growing hibiscus shrubs or trees in your front or backyard adds wonderful summer tropical flowers to your garden landscape.

The hibiscus plant genus is divided into two main categories—tropical hibiscus and hardy hibiscus. Tropical hibiscus plants include the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cultivars. Hardy hibiscus plants for colder climates are Hibiscus moscheutos and Hibiscus syriacus, or rose of Sharon.

How to Care for Hibiscus

To care for Hibiscus, grow the shrubby plants in full sun or partial shade. Water the hibiscus regularly during warm weather when the plant is in bloom. Hibiscus plants are heavy feeders, so fertilize the plant regularly to encourage blooming. In winter, tropical and hardy hibiscus require less water and no fertilizing.

Hibiscus Flowers

Hibiscus: The Complete Care and Growing Guide (With Pictures) (1)

Tropical hibiscus flowers come in a wide variety of colors and can be single or double blooms

Hibiscus is a group of perennial flowering plants with large, vibrantly colored flowers. Hibiscus flowers grow in a trumpet shape and can measure up to 12” (30 cm) across. The delicate papery-crepe petals form a star shape or saucer shape. The flowers usually have a long stamen protruding from the center.

Hibiscus: The Complete Care and Growing Guide (With Pictures) (2)

Hardy hibiscus flowers are single blooms in colors of white, pink or red and can be very large

Deadheading hibiscus flowers is not necessary. However, snipping off fading blooms can help to improve the hibiscus shrub’s appearance. Removing dead hibiscus flowers also prevents reseeding and concentrates growth into the lush foliage and flowers. The same care advice for deadheading hibiscus is suitable for tropical and hardy species of hibiscus.

Hardy Hibiscus Vs. Tropical Hibiscus

Hardy hibiscus plants are easier to grow in temperate climates than the tropical varieties. Tropical hibiscus plants won’t grow in USDA zones lower than 9. However, with some protection, hardy hibiscus will survive freezing temperatures in USDA zones 5 through 8.

A hardy hibiscus plant will withstand winters when the temperature drops below zero. Usually, shrubs lose their blooms in late fall and early winter. In colder regions, the shrub will die back to the ground and regrow in the spring. In this case, cut back the stems to a few inches high in late fall, and you will see new growth come out when the weather warms again.

Tropical hibiscus flowers come in a wide variety of colors such as pink, white, red, orange, yellow, or peach and can be single or double blooms. However hardy hibiscus flowers are single blooms only in colors of white, pink or red and can be very large up to 12” (30 cm) wide.

Another difference between hardy hibiscus and tropical hibiscus plants is their leaves. Tropical hibiscus plants tend to have darker glossier green leaves, whereas hardy hibiscus leaves are duller green and are usually heart-shaped.

Hibiscus Care

Hibiscus shrubs are generally easy to care for if you’re in the right zone. The bushy shrubs bloom with vibrantly-colored flowers if you water them enough and provide enough fertilizer. If you care properly for hibiscus, you will have flowers all summer long—all the way from midsummer through fall.

Some care aspects differ between hardy and tropical hibiscus. However, there are many similar care factors when growing these beautiful landscaping plants.

Temperature for Growing Hibiscus

Hardy hibiscus plants such as Hibiscus moscheutos and rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus) thrive in USDA zones 5 through 8. These perennial shrubs can withstand freezing temperatures as low as -20°F (-29°C). The hibiscus plant will die back in freezing temperatures and will grow back in spring.

Hardy hibiscus shrubs need protection from heavy frost during winter. After cutting the dead stems, cover the root ball with plenty of mulch. This will help to protect the roots ready for them to regrow in the springtime.

When winter temperature is cold but not freezing, cover the hibiscus canopy to protect it from the cold weather.

Evergreen tropical hibiscus such as the Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) doesn’t grow outdoors in USDA zones lower than 9. If average temperatures drop to between 40°F and 50°F (4°C – 10°C), the plant may start losing its foliage. If outdoor temperatures drop below 20°F (-6°C), the tropical shrub will begin to die.

If you live in a temperate climate, you can grow tropical hibiscus plants in pots outdoors. However, when the average temperatures drop below 55°F (12°C), you should bring the potted plant indoors.

Hibiscus Plant Sun Requirements

Hibiscus grows best in full sun and will tolerate some shade. The best location for growing hibiscus is in a sunny place in your garden where it gets some protection from the intense midday sun. Hibiscus flowers grow best when the plant gets at least six hours of sunshine every day.

When deciding where to plant your hibiscus shrub, make sure it won’t be in too much shade. Shady growing conditions tend to slow the plant’s growth. You’ll also notice that hibiscus plants don’t bloom as much when they lack sufficient sunlight.

Both tropical and hardy hibiscus plants need protection from extremes in sunlight. Too much intense direct sunlight or growing in continual shade causes the hibiscus leaves to turn yellow. You may even notice white patches on the foliage. You may see that too much sun or too little light causes fewer buds to appear on the hibiscus.

If you live in hot, tropical climates, the best place to grow hibiscus is a partially shaded location. That way, your stunning flowering shrub won’t suffer damage from too much sunshine during summer.

The Best Hibiscus Soil

Hibiscus thrives in soil that is moist but never soggy or waterlogged. All hibiscus varieties—tropical, hardy, and potted plants—must grow in soil with excellent drainage. Ensure that the ground or potting mix has plenty of organic matter and is porous enough to allow excess water to drain away.

When growing hibiscus in your backyard, ensure the soil is slightly acidic. Hibiscus species grow best when the pH is between 6.5 and 6.8. If necessary, you can amend the soil with compost to increase acidity. Organic matter such as peat moss also locks in moisture—an essential care factor when growing hibiscus.

The best soil for growing hibiscus in containers should be a standard houseplant potting mix that is amended with perlite. The addition of perlite ensures that water drains through the growing medium freely. You can also amend the soil with peat moss to increase acidity and provide essential nutrients.

How to Water Hibiscus

The secret to getting plenty of flowers on a hibiscus plant is to water it well when it’s in bloom. Water hibiscus shrubs and trees daily in summer and warm fall days. When the weather is cooler, water less often to prevent soggy soil around the roots.

Generally, in winter, it’s best to let the ground partially dry before watering it.

If the weather is scorching, you’ll have to increase the watering frequency for tropical hibiscus plants. This can mean watering the flowering shrub as often as twice a day. However, if you notice that leaves start to turn yellow and drop, you might be watering too much.

When watering a tropical hibiscus indoors, follow the standard advice for watering houseplants. It would be best if you grow the hibiscus in bright, indirect sun and only water when the top 2” (5 cm) layer of soil is dry. Then, thoroughly drench the potting soil until water drains from the pot’s drainage hole.

How to Grow Hibiscus in Pots

Tropical hibiscus shrubs and small trees grow well in containers. As with hibiscus planted in the ground, the pot should be in a sunny location. Use a well-draining, organically-rich potting medium and water the potted hibiscus liberally in the summer and less often in winter. Always avoid letting the potting mix become soggy.

When growing tropical hibiscus indoors, don’t expose your hibiscus to dry air caused by heating, as it can cause bud drop, yellowing leaves and pest infestation. In this case, it is better to use a humidifier or humidity pebble tray to care for the hibiscus plant’s needs over the winter months.

To use a pebble tray to increase humidity levels, put some decorative pebbles in a shallow dish. Fill with water until half-way up the stones. Place the hibiscus pot on the pebbles, making sure the pot doesn’t sit in the water. Evaporation helps humidify the leaves. Top the tray up with water when necessary.

Transplanting Hibiscus Plants

Transplanting a hibiscus may be necessary if it outgrows its location in your garden. However, it’s vital to care for the tender bushy hibiscus shrub while transplanting it to prevent stress. To prepare a hibiscus shrub for replanting, it’s crucial to prepare the new hole and prune the hibiscus shrub.

To transplant a hibiscus, first dig a large enough hole in the new location. You may have to adjust the hole’s size, but getting the area ready will help reduce transplant shock. The new hole should be deep enough to accommodate the roots and about twice as wide.

The second step before digging the hibiscus from the ground is to prune it. Ideally, it would help if you reduced the hibiscus shrub size by about one-third. Transplanting a smaller hibiscus also reduces stress and helps the shrub to establish itself in the new location.

The best time to transplant a hibiscus is in the fall after the shrub has finished blooming.

Here is how to transplant a hibiscus shrub or small tree: Dig around the hibiscus shrub at a diameter of 1 ft. (30 cm) for every inch (2.5 cm) of trunk diameter. Dig under the roots and remove the plant from the ground. Gently move the hibiscus shrub to its new location.

When planting hibiscus in the hole, ensure that the soil line on the trunk measures up to the soil level. Fill the remainder of the space with the soil and pat down firmly to stabilize the shrub.

After transplanting hibiscus, water the ground thoroughly and keep the plant hydrated for the first four to six weeks. If there’s no rainfall, you’ll have to water the shrub every two or three days. After six weeks, put a layer of mulch over the hibiscus root zone to help lock in moisture and protect the roots from cold.

How to Prune Hibiscus

Pruning hibiscus trees and shrubs stimulates new buds and encourages plenty of flowers. Prune hibiscus in spring just before it starts growing vigorously. Cut hibiscus branches back about one-third and snip them off just above the node. You can also trim back any dead or diseased branches to improve the shrub’s appearance.

Apart from early spring, you can prune hibiscus plants in summer or early fall. However, pruning at this time doesn’t encourage as many flowers or growth. You should always avoid pruning hibiscus plants in late fall and winter. Hibiscus can be temperamental and don’t respond well to winter pruning.

Remember that hardy hibiscus plants may die back in late fall. You can trim back the branches to about 4” or 5” (10 – 13 cm) to prepare the plant for winter. The hibiscus should start growing again in spring when warmer days arrive. Usually, hardy hibiscus shrubs don’t start blooming until the end of May or the start of June.

Fertilizing Hibiscus

Tropical hibiscus requires more fertilization than hardy varieties. The best types of fertilizer for hibiscus in your backyard are balanced plant fertilizers for flowering plants. You can use a water-soluble or slow-release fertilizer. Fertilize every two weeks if using a water-soluble fertilizer and four times a year with a slow-release one.

When choosing the best fertilizer for flowering tropical hibiscus, choose a water-soluble one with a balanced NPK rating. Some examples are 20-20-20 or 10-10-10. This type of fertilizer ensures the shrub gets the nutrients it requires for robust growth and prolific blooming.

If using a slow-release fertilizer for tropical hibiscus shrubs, apply the granules in early spring, after the first flowers appear, mid-summer, and then early winter.

Hardy varieties of hibiscus plants typically grow well without additional fertilizer. You can apply a diluted general-purpose fertilizer two or three times during the growing season if you want to give the plant’s growth a boost.

Top care tip when fertilizing hibiscus shrubs: Always apply fertilizer to the whole root zone—approximately the canopy’s spread size.

Hibiscus Propagation

It’s easy to propagate hardy hibiscus and tropical hibiscus from cuttings. However, hardy hibiscus is more straightforward to propagate than the tropical varieties. Take a softwood cutting, approximately 6” (15 cm) long from a healthy hibiscus shrub. Strip the leaves off apart from the top ones. Place the cutting in an appropriate rooting mix.

Create a rooting mix for hibiscus plants by mixing equal parts of potting soil and perlite and putting it in a small pot. Make a hole in the soil and put the hibiscus cutting in. Firm the soil around the cutting and mist the soil.

To help the hibiscus cutting take root, place a plastic bag over the cutting and seal with an elastic band. Place the pot in partial shade and mist the soil every so often to keep the rooting soil moist. It could take about eight weeks to root. You can then transfer the new hibiscus plant to a bigger pot.

Use the same method to root tropical hibiscus plants. However, it would be best to put several stem cuttings in the rooting soil to increase your chance of taking root.

You can also propagate hibiscus from seeds. To germinate hibiscus seeds, make a small incision with a sharp knife in the seed. Soak overnight in water. Place the seeds on an appropriate soil mix and cover lightly with soil. It should take up to four weeks for seeds to sprout.

Be aware that some hibiscus varieties don’t produce seeds even under ideal conditions.

FAQ About Hibiscus Care

Although hibiscus is generally easy to care for, a few issues can affect its growth. Hibiscus, especially tropical hibiscus plants, is susceptible to changes in the environment. Let’s look in detail at some problems when growing hibiscus.

Why Are Hibiscus Flower Buds Dropping?

Several reasons can cause hibiscus buds and flowers to drop. A pest infestation, nutritional deficiencies, lack of water, temperature fluctuations, and over-fertilizing can result in buds or blooms dropping. To prevent flowers from falling, grow hibiscus trees and shrubs in plenty of sunlight, keep the soil moist, and ensure there’s adequate humidity.

What to Do About Bugs on Hibiscus Plants

Common garden pests that can affect hibiscus are aphids, thrips, whiteflies, scale, and mealybugs. To get rid of bugs from hibiscus plants, hose the hibiscus foliage with a strong jet of water. You could also make a natural neem oil pesticide and spray it on the leaves to stop pests from eating them.

Aphids, whiteflies, and mealybugs all suck the sap from hibiscus leaves and stems. To spot whiteflies on aphids on hibiscus, look for tiny pests crawling under leaves. Mealybugs will leave behind a white fuzzy substance like cotton wool.

Another type of pest control is to introduce beneficial insects to your garden. Ladybugs, lacewings, or hoverflies feed on garden pests and their larvae.

How to Get Rid of Fungus on Hibiscus Plants

Fungus on hibiscus looks like a white powdery substance called powdery mildew. Prune diseased foliage and branches and dispose of them in the trash. You should also water the ground, not the leaves, to avoid fungal foliage problems.

If other plants are crowding out your hibiscus, you may have to transplant it so that more air circulates around the plant. This should help to ensure that too much moisture doesn’t accumulate in the foliage.

Fungus leaf problems rarely kill plants, but the white fungus looks unsightly on hibiscus and spoils the plant’s appearance. If the fungus infection spreads, it can slow down the plant’s growth.

Why Are Hibiscus Leaves Turning Yellow?

Hibiscus leaves turn yellow due to too much water, pests, a nutrient deficiency, excessive sun exposure, or hot temperatures. It’s crucial to find out which of these problems is causing yellow hibiscus leaves.

Only water hibiscus plants just enough to keep the soil moist. This watering technique helps keep the hibiscus growing healthy and prevent yellow leaves. In hot weather, water more frequently than in cooler weather.

If drainage or sun exposure is an issue, you may have to transplant the shrub to keep it flowering and the foliage lush green.

Also, check for signs of spider mites on houseplant hibiscus and garden hibiscus. You can use a neem oil solution to get rid of these plant-sucking mites.

If you suspect a nutrient deficiency, use a diluted balanced fertilizer every two weeks to improve the leaves’ appearance and encourage healthy hibiscus growth.

Discover the most beautiful types of hibiscus.

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Hibiscus: The Complete Care and Growing Guide (With Pictures) (2024)

FAQs

What side of the house should hibiscus be planted? ›

Choose the perfect location.

Choose a location in your garden that gets 4-6 hours of direct sunlight a day, and ambient sunlight for the rest of the time. Typically this would be on the west or south side of your garden.

Do hibiscus like sun or shade? ›

In general, the more sun this plant gets, the better. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis prefer full sun but will tolerate light shade. The more shade the plant gets, the fewer and likely smaller flowers it will produce. If overwintering, try to place near a southern or western facing window.

Do hibiscus like coffee grounds? ›

Coffee grounds, crushed banana peels or tea grounds mixed in with the soil will provide a good supply of everything your hibiscus needs. You can alternatively water with liquid manure or decoction from plant residues or vegetable water.

How do you keep hibiscus blooming? ›

Water plants thoroughly at the time of planting and throughout the growing season. Feed plants with Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble Bloom Booster® Flower Food. Deadhead and prune hibiscus to encourage the best blooms. Bring tropical hibiscus indoors during the winter in most zones.

How can I tell if my hibiscus is hardy or tropical? ›

Another way to check is if the flowers are salmon, peach, orange, or yellow, or double flowered, then you probably have a TROPICAL hibiscus. Hardy hibiscus do not come in these colors or in doubles! Many tropical hibiscus flowers have more than one color in a bloom either in bands or as spots.

Do hibiscus like full hot sun? ›

Location and Light

Hardy Hibiscus does best in full sun. They will grow in partial shade, but growth and flowering will suffer. If you live in areas with very hot summers, during the hottest part of the day, Hibiscus may need shade. Hibiscus should be planted along, or in the back of perennial flower beds.

Is Miracle Gro good for hibiscus? ›

According to Hidden Valley Hibiscus, you should have medium Nitrogen, low phosphorus, and high potassium. The fertilizer they sell is 17-5-24, so anything with a similar ration would be best. Personally, I have had pretty good success with Miracle Grow.

Do hibiscus grow better in pots or ground? ›

Do hibiscus do better in pots or in the ground? Smaller specimens will thrive either in pots or the ground when given the right growing conditions. Larger specimens will perform better when planted in the ground.

How often should I water hibiscus? ›

Water Regularly

Keep the soil surrounding the hibiscus moist but not soggy. For the first week after planting, water daily, tapering off to once every two days in the second week, and then about twice a week thereafter, when there is no rainfall. If the weather becomes especially hot and dry, water every other day.

Are eggshells good for hibiscus? ›

It's easy to make hibiscus fertilizer using household items such as coffee grounds, egg shells or dirty fish tank water. All these solutions are cheap and nutrient filled.

Do hibiscus like Epsom salt? ›

A good fertilizer ratio for hibiscus is 12-4-18 or a “high bloom” water-soluble fertilizer. Slow-release granular fertilizers, like Osmocote, can be used in combination with water soluble fertilizer when irrigating. Magnesium sulfate, also called Epsom salt, gives hibiscus foliage a good dark green color.

What is the best fertilizer for hibiscus? ›

Help the Hibiscus start the reason off right with a balanced fertilizer, like a 20-20-20 appalled in the spring. This will provide a well-rounded mixture of nutrients. You can continue to use a balanced fertilizer throughout the rest of the growing season, or you can switch to a 12-4-8 mix.

What triggers hibiscus to bloom? ›

The plant blooms best in full sun, so increase sun exposure if you think that might be a factor. Also, make certain the soil is moist at all times to support the growth of the plant. Hardy hibiscus blooms on new growth, but pinching the plants too late in summer or pruning severely can delay blooming.

Why do hibiscus flowers fall off so quickly? ›

One of the most common causes of hibiscus blossoms falling off plants is insect pests, particularly thrips. These tiny insects feed on hibiscus flower buds, causing them to fall off prior to blooming. Using an organic insecticide once a week as directed should help take care of the problem.

Why do my hibiscus flowers only last one day? ›

The hibiscus flower only lasts a day, although many new hybrids have been bred which now last longer, even up to three days. Try not to think of this as a bad thing, many plants bloom only once a year for two or three weeks and then you have to wait a whole year for a repeat performance.

Where should hibiscus be placed? ›

In the hot and dry conditions of inland California or southern states like Arizona it is best to grow hibiscus in a location that has a lot of shade but some direct sun.

Where should I put my hibiscus indoors? ›

Where Should I Put My Hibiscus Indoors? All houseplants have an ideal spot where they'll thrive indoors. As for hibiscus, they like to be near a bright window, where they'll receive as much sunshine as possible. The sunniest window in your house is the best place for them.

Where is the best place to plant hibiscus? ›

Grow outdoor hibiscus in moist but well-drained soil in a warm and sunny spot, ideally sheltered from winds. They do well in pots of loam-based, peat-free compost. Grow indoor hibiscus in a bright spot away from direct, strong sunlight.

Where should potted hibiscus be placed? ›

These flowering plants are not just for landscapes. Grow hibiscus in pots on a sunny patio, deck or apartment balcony for long lasting summer color.

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